A microgrid is a local energy grid with control capability, which
means it can disconnect from the traditional grid and operate autonomously.
Structure of microgrid
To understand how a microgrid works, you first have to understand
how the grid works. The grid connects homes, businesses and other buildings to
central power sources, which allow us to use appliances, heating/cooling
systems and electronics. But this interconnectedness means that when part of
the grid needs to be repaired, everyone is affected. This is where a microgrid
can help. A microgrid generally operates while connected to the grid, but
importantly, it can break off and operate on its own using local energy
generation in times of crisis like storms or power outages, or for other
reasons. A microgrid can be powered by distributed generators, batteries,
and/or renewable resources like solar panels. Depending on how it’s fueled and
how its requirements are managed, a microgrid might run indefinitely.
A microgrid connects to the grid at a point of common coupling
that maintains voltage at the same level as the main grid unless there is some
sort of problem on the grid or other reason to disconnect. A switch can
separate the microgrid from the main grid automatically or manually, and it
then functions as an island.
A microgrid not only provides backup for the grid in case of
emergencies, but can also be used to cut costs, or connect to a local resource
that is too small or unreliable for traditional grid use. A microgrid allows
communities to be more energy independent and, in some cases, more
environmentally friendly.
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